粉末粒度对储氢电极电化学性能的影响

以M1（NiCoMnTi）5为例,系统研究了粉末粒度对储氢电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验粒度范围内,合金粉越细,其放电容量越高,高倍率放电性能和循环稳定性也越好;将两种不同粒度的合金粉混合使用时,粒径相差越大,其放电容量越高。且当粗细粉质量比为7：3时,放电容量最高。     

Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters

In order to improve the energy level of fuel air explosive(FAE) with delayed secondary igniters, high energetic metal powders were added to liquid fuels mainly composed of ether and isopropyl nitrate. Metal powders' explosive properties and reaction mechanisms in FAE were studied by high-speed video, pressure test system, and infrared thermal imager. The results show that compared with pure liquid fuels, the shock wave overpressure, maximum surface fireball temperature and high temperature duration of the mixture were significantly increased after adding high energetic metal powder. The overpressure values of the liquid-solid mixture at all measuring points were higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. And the maximum temperature of the fireball was up to 1700 ℃, which was higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. After replacing 30％of aluminum powder with boron or magnesium hydride, the shock wave pressure of the mixture was further increased. The high heat of combustion of boron and the hydrogen released by magnesium hydride could effectively increase the blast effect of the mixture. The improvement of the explosion performance of boron was better than magnesium hydride. It shows that adding high energetic metal powder to liquid fuels can effectively improve the explosion performance of FAE.     

军用装备镁合金表面防腐蚀技术研究

军用装备中镁及其镁合金构件可以大幅度降低武器装备重量,实现装备轻量化。通过先进的热喷涂、有机或高分子涂层、阳极氧化和等离子微弧阳极氧化、化学转化膜、沉积技术、离子注入技术、激光处理等表面工程技术对镁合金部件进行腐蚀防护。因此加强镁合金耐蚀、耐磨性能研究,对于推动镁合金作为结构材料的应用并充分发挥其性能优势具有重要意义。     

利用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料机理研究

以二乙烯基苯和聚硅氧烷为原料经先驱体转化法制备了Si-O-C材料，利用镁金属在惰性气氛保护下高温还原制备了多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。Si/Si-O-C负极材料的首次放电与充电容量分别为547.2和450.7mAh?g-1，第二次放电与充电容量分别为487.4和422.9mAh?g-1，库伦效率分别为82.3%、86.8%，材料具有较好的循环性能。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDX)、元素分析和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)分析了多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的组成、结构、形貌，从而研究利用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的机理。结果表明，镁金属在还原过程中生成MgO和Mg2SiO4等产物，经HCl洗涤后可形成多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。Si/Si-O-C材料中的单质硅分布于多孔的Si-O-C相中，一定程度上可缓解Si在循环过程中产生的体积效应。利用镁金属还原Si-O-C材料制备多孔Si/Si-O-C材料是一种可行的制备方法。     

热压多晶氟化镁的磁流变抛光研究

热压多晶氟化镁是一种被广泛应用的红外光学材料.磁流变抛光因其抛光效率高、磨头无磨损、可实现确定性加工等优点而日益成为倍受瞩目的超精密光整加工技术.在利用传统抛光方法得到热压多晶氟化镁的抛光特性的基础上配制了适用于该材料的磁流变抛光液.通过抛光实验证明,与传统抛光方法相比,采用磁流变抛光方法对热压多晶氟化镁进行抛光,可以得到较好抛光表面质量,并且抛光的效率也大大提高.     

药皮焊条焊缝脱硫的研究

通过理论分析及实验,探讨了手工电弧焊焊条药皮中添加金属镁粉的脱硫效果。研究表明：金属镁粉对焊缝金属的脱硫是有较明显效果的。     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。